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    A More Sustainable Energy Strategy for India

    Ahluwalia, Montek; Gupta, Himanshu; Stern, Nicholas | July 2016
    Abstract
    The COP-21 meeting in Paris produced an important result. For the first time all countries developed and developing agreed to take some mitigation action. However even if all countries deliver on what they have promised by 2030 and progress thereafter continues only at the same rate global temperature is likely to be more than 3oC degrees above pre industrial levels by 2100. To get on a 2-degree trajectory will require much more ambitious pledges from all countries and the developed countries have a specially important role to play not only in achieving more ambitious mitigation goals themselves but also in offering financial support for developing countries to do more. Assuming that developed countries show a willingness to do more, it will be necessary for developing countries to consider what more they can do. In the spirit of such an exercise this paper analyses what is possible as a low carbon scenario for India using India Energy Security Scenarios-2047 tool developed by the erstwhile Planning Commission and later refined by its successor NITI Aayog. The calculator allows us to adopt the more ambitious targets deemed feasible and consider the outcomes in terms of reduction in carbon emissions reduction, improvements in air quality, water constraints, and budget implications. The paper elaborates the multiple policy interventions that are needed to achieve these objectives. We find that there is scope for a low carbon growth path which would greatly reduce the level of emissions compared to a business as usual projection for the same growth rate of GDP. This calls for a combination of measures which increase energy efficiency i.e. reduce the emissions intensity of GDP, and shift the composition of energy towards cleaner energy sources. Interestingly we find that although most of the public attention is devoted to green sources of energy, about 86% of the mitigation potential in India comes from interventions focussing on energy efficiency measures, building better cities and encouraging behaviour changes among consumers. The remaining 14% comes from deploying low carbon technologies in the electricity and the fuels sector. The different policy instruments involved in bringing about these changes are indicated. They fall in the domains of different levels of government national, state and local and coordination of all these levels to achieve a common end is a challenge.
    Citation
    Ahluwalia, Montek; Gupta, Himanshu; Stern, Nicholas. 2016. A More Sustainable Energy Strategy for India. © Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations. http://hdl.handle.net/11540/7359.
    Keywords
    Economic development
    Climatic change
    Climatic influence
    Greenhouse effect
    Investment analysis
    Hydrography
    Hydrogeology
    Climate
    Climate change
    Surface Water
    Water
    Water Supply
    Climate impacts assessment
    Coastal Waters
    Water Tables
    Water Infrastructure
    Adaptation
    Investment
    Drainage systems
    Finance
    Cooperation
    Climate change mitigation
    Floods
    Sea water
    Seas
    Global warming
    Climatic factor
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    Citable URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11540/7359
    Metadata
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    Working_Paper_328.pdf (1.206Mb)
    Author
    Ahluwalia, Montek
    Gupta, Himanshu
    Stern, Nicholas
    Theme
    Climate
    Water
     
    Copyright 2016-2021 Asian Development Bank Institute, except as explicitly marked otherwise
    Copyright 2016-2021 Asian Development Bank Institute, except as explicitly marked otherwise