This technical report is an exercise for the working group to improve their national data, practicing the intellectual scenarios of keeping the CO2 emission at 2013 level till 2040 and reviewing the countries' NDC commitment. This report will improve the capacity of national experts on the energy outlook, and also help policy to think out the possibility of contributing to COP 21 by cutting back the ...

The Philippines uses natural gas produced in the Malampaya gas field for power generation. However, supplies from this field will be depleted by 2022 and the gas sales and purchase agreement will end in 2024. Unless a new gas field is developed, the Philippines will become more dependence on imports of gas for power generation. Coal is the main fuel imported for power generation, but it will be ...

An increasing demand for oil is one of Indonesia’s top policy priorities as it is linked to many of the country’s concerns, such as the deteriorating security of its oil supply, growing fiscal imbalances, and worsening air quality. Indonesia has announced that it aims to ban sales of internal combustion engine vehicles by 2040. The country also intends for alternative vehicles to account for 20 ...

Energy consumption in Cambodia has been increasing rapidly. According to the Energy Demand and Supply of Cambodia 2010–2018(2019)1, one of the energy research reports of the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA), total final energy consumption (TFEC) grew at 7.2% per annum in 2010–2018. However, its elasticity over gross domestic product (GDP) was 1 because of the 7.2% growth ...

Global energy trends indicate a shift from fossil fuels that contain carbon to variable renewable energy (vRE) with zero carbon. Solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind power, which are typical vRE sources, have been increasing due to their significant low costs and appropriate government policies, such as feed-in tariff and renewable portfolio standards. The rapid increase of the solar PV market surely ...

Oil demand in Southeast Asia has increased by 3% per year since 2000, which is faster than the world average. Regional oil production is struggling to keep up. This has resulted in dependency on oil imports from outside the region, reaching 44% in 2015. The import dependency is expected to be higher in the long term, raising concern for oil supply security in Southeast Asia. Many Southeast Asian ...

The report consists of four chapters. Chapter 1 covers global policy development with an emphasis on climate change. It discusses the historical trend where CCUS first started as a measure to boost oil production in the time of an oil crisis and is now being increasingly promoted as a measure to tackle climate change issues. It also covers the trend in increasing investment by governments as CCUS ...

Temburong development, anticipated to occur soon after the completion of the Temburong Bridge linking Temburong district to Bandar Seri Begawan (BSB), offers Bruneians an opportunity to incorporate energy sustainability in developing an ecotown. These guidelines intend to assist the Ministry of Energy (MOE), Brunei Darussalam, in formulating a plan and a guide incorporating energy efficiency and ...

The study aims to analyse the opportunities to develop LNG-based electric power generation systems in midsized and large islands of Indonesia by identifying the possible configuration of small-scale LNG supply chain. This will contribute to stable electric power supply and provide affordable electricity in those islands in a sustainable way in coherence with the national development plan. The study ...

This research report analyses the costs and benefits of power grid interconnection in the Northeast Asia (NEA) region – covering north and northeast of China, Japan, Mongolia, East Russia, and South Korea – using a linear programming and optimisation model. Based on such analysis, several important observations are made on the feasibility and optimal plans of power infrastructure development for ...