Changing Commercial Policy in Japan During 1985-2010
Kawai, Masahiro; Urata, Shujiro | November 2010
Abstract
In this paper we examine the changing nature of Japan’s commercial policy over the last 25 years while reviewing Japan’s changing structure of trade, FDI and economy that underlay policy changes. We argue that until the late 1990s Japan adopted a two-track approach of relying on multilateral liberalization under the GATT/WTO and open regionalism under Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) on the one hand and on the bilateral trade relationship with the US on the other. Although the Japan-US bilateralism sometimes resulted in “managed trade” and encountered negative perceptions of the US approach in Japan, overall, it had a positive impact on the Japanese economy in opening domestic markets through various reforms and deregulation measures. Japan’s more recent commercial policy focuses on bilateral and plurilateral economic partnership agreements particularly with—but not limited to—East Asian economies. We argue that agricultural sector liberalization is key to the further integration of Japan with the Asian and global economies.
Citation
Kawai, Masahiro; Urata, Shujiro. 2010. Changing Commercial Policy in Japan During 1985-2010. © Asian Development Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/11540/3841. License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.Keywords
Trade Finance
Risk Financing
Regional Development Finance
Public Finance
Infrastructure Financing
Financing of Infrastructure
Financial Security
Financial Intermediation
Finance And Trade
Enterprise Financing
Trade Regulation
Trade Finance
Regional Trade Agreements
General Agreement On Tariffs And Trade
Taxation
Business Financing
Investment Requirements
Capital Needs
Tax Incentives
Project Risks
Tariff agreements
Customs convetions
Import policy
Export policy
Investments
Finance
Market
Markets
Use tax
Tax administration and procedure
Taxing power
Effect of taxation
Business enterprises
Foreign trade and employment
Mentoring in business
Trade routes
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Citable URI
http://hdl.handle.net/11540/3841Metadata
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