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    Tax Reforms in Viet Nam: A Selective Analysis

    Mundle, Sudipto | December 1998
    Abstract
    In this paper a framework of tax reform requirements for Viet Nam is developed based on theories of taxation, particularly Optimal Tax Theory, and international tax reform experience in market and transitional economies. The framework is then used to analyze the structure and system of taxation in Viet Nam at the present stage of reform. The paper concludes that the achievements of Viet Nam's tax reforms have been mixed. There has also been a welcome shift away from production taxes to taxes on income and consumption. However, the revenue share of distortionary trade taxes have risen and income taxes are still largely collected from a few state enterprises and joint ventures. A sound base of tax administration for a modern market economy is yet to be established despite initiatives in this direction. The enactment of the new Budget Law notwithstanding, lack of transparency in tax assignment to different levels of government, a large element of discretion and negotiation in setting rates and targets for shared taxes, and inappropriate tax assignment are undermining the tax effort and contributing to inefficiency. These are the key issues that will need to be addressed in the next phase of tax reform.
    Citation
    Mundle, Sudipto. 1998. Tax Reforms in Viet Nam: A Selective Analysis. © Asian Development Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/11540/3157. License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.
    Keywords
    Urban Development Finance
    Trade Finance
    Small Business Finance
    Rural Finance
    Roundtable on International Trade and Finance
    Regional Development Finance
    Public Service Finance
    Public Finance
    Project Finance
    Private Finance
    Nonbank Financing
    Non-Bank Financial Institutions
    Municipal Finance
    Local Government Finance
    Local Currency Financing
    Limited Resource Financing
    International Financial Institutions
    Infrastructure Financing
    Industrial Finance
    Government Financial Institutions
    Government Finance
    Financing of Infrastructure
    Financial Sector Development
    Financial Regulation
    Taxation
    Public Accounting
    National Budget
    Municipal Bonds
    Local Government
    Local Taxes
    International Monetary Relations
    International Financial Market
    International Banking
    Central Banks
    Business Financing
    Capital Resources
    Budgetary Policy
    Capital Needs
    Corporate Divestiture
    Capital Instruments
    Pension Funds
    Insurance Companies
    Banks
    Portfolio Management
    Fiscal Administration
    Economics of Education
    Development Banks
    Use tax
    Taxing power
    State of taxation
    Tax-sales
    Tax revenue estimating
    Tax planning
    Spendings tax
    Special assessments
    Tax administration and procedure
    Sales tax
    Real property and taxation
    Progressive taxation
    Effect of taxation on land use
    Effect of taxation on labor supply
    Intergovernmental tax relations
    Inheritance and transfer tax
    Energy tax
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    Citable URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11540/3157
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    Author
    Mundle, Sudipto
    Theme
    Finance
     
    Copyright 2016-2021 Asian Development Bank Institute, except as explicitly marked otherwise
    Copyright 2016-2021 Asian Development Bank Institute, except as explicitly marked otherwise