This study also analyses how urban transport efficiency could be improved with more effective policy measures . Drawing on the literature of transport economics, various precedents cases and policies throughout the world have been investigated. The findings indicate that without a strong transport policy, it will be extremely difficult to avoid traffic congestion in a pre-emptive way . This study ...

The demand for energy in East Asia Summit (EAS) countries led mostly by their power and transport sectors has been growing substantially. The energy demand in the transport sector is mainly on oil, of which imports have been growing rapidly as the demand surpasses domestic production, causing concerns on energy supply security. Some EAS countries subsidise oil products to ensure affordable price ...