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    Who Gains More from Which Infrastructure in Rural People’s Republic of China?

    Wan, Guanghua; Zhang, Xun | July 2015
    Abstract
    The importance of infrastructure in economic development has been increasingly recognized by governments, development institutions, and the research community. Despite a sizable literature on its efficiency and growth effects, the distributive impacts of infrastructure have been largely overlooked, with a few recent exceptions. This is regrettable, particularly given the overwhelming concern about inequality and inclusive growth all over the world. This paper will: (i) demonstrate the deficiency of conventional approaches to modelling inequality; (ii) extend the Mincer earnings function so that both growth and distributive effects of infrastructure can be evaluated; and (iii) fit the extended model to a large sample of individual-level data from rural People’s Republic of China (PRC) over the period of 1989–2011, providing estimates of growth and the distributive impacts of specific physical infrastructures—telephone, tap water and electricity. All these infrastructures are found to promote rural income growth, helping narrow the rural–urban gap, which is the dominant component of the PRC’s overall inequality. Further, the poor are found to gain more than the rich, implying benign distributive effects of these infrastructures. In addition, males, the more experienced, the better educated, and to some extent the married benefited more than their counterparts, especially from telephones. Finally, some of these subpopulation effects have become more significant in recent years and are larger in central PRC, possibly because infrastructure helps open up more opportunities for those with better education or more experience. The empirical results are robust to different definitions of the experience variable, consideration of the mortality selection bias, reconstruction of the telephone data, and possible reverse causality.
    Citation
    Wan, Guanghua; Zhang, Xun. 2015. Who Gains More from Which Infrastructure in Rural People’s Republic of China?. © Asian Development Bank Institute. http://hdl.handle.net/11540/9658.
    Keywords
    Alleviating Poverty
    Anti-Poverty
    Extreme Poverty
    Fight Against Poverty
    Global Poverty
    Health Aspects Of Poverty
    Indicators Of Poverty
    Participatory Poverty Assessment
    Poverty Eradication
    Poverty Analysis
    Poverty In Developing Countries
    Poverty Reduction Efforts
    Urban Poverty
    Development projects
    Physical infrastructure
    Soft infrastructure
    Infrastructure finance
    Infrastructure bonds
    Transport infrastructure
    Roads
    Highways
    Railways
    Ports
    Airports
    Pipelines
    Water supply
    Power production
    Power transmission
    Power distribution
    Telecommunications
    Infrastructure connectivity
    Cross border connectivity
    Development Indicators
    Environmental Indicators
    Economic Indicators
    Educational Indicators
    Demographic Indicators
    Health Indicators
    Disadvantaged Groups
    Low Income Groups
    Socially Disadvantaged Children
    Rural Conditions
    Rural Development
    Social Conditions
    Urban Development
    Urban Sociology
    Poor
    Economic forecasting
    Health expectancy
    Social groups
    Political participation
    Distribution of income
    Inequality of income
    Developing countries
    Rural community development
    Mass society
    Social change
    Social policy
    Social stability
    Population
    Sustainable development
    Peasantry
    Urban policy
    Urban renewal
    Show allCollapse
    Citable URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11540/9658
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Thumbnail
    adbi-wp540.pdf (359.2Kb)
    Author
    Wan, Guanghua
    Zhang, Xun
    Theme
    Poverty
    Infrastructure
    Labor Migration

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    Copyright 2016-2021 Asian Development Bank Institute, except as explicitly marked otherwise