Impacts of Fiscal Policy on Green Technologies Transfer
Abdullah, Ambiyah | November 2018
Abstract
Under the 2016 first nationally determined contribution, the Indonesian government announced emission reduction targets of 29% and 41% by 2030 without and with international assistance, respectively. Germany, Japan, and the United States (US) are three key players among the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries that have actively assisted the Indonesian government through several channels, such as bilateral assistance (loans and grants), and low-carbon technologies transfer. In terms of the energy efficiency sectors, in its 2017 National Energy Plan, the Indonesian government has described its intention to achieve a 17% increase in energy efficiency across industries compared to the business as usual condition (BAU). In order to achieve these energy efficiency targets, several fiscal policies were suggested to be implemented by the Indonesian government, including reducing value-added tax (VAT) and import duty on imported energy efficiency equipment and providing tax incentives for energy efficiency producers, particularly in the industrial manufacturing, building and transport sectors.
Against this background, this study assesses both the direct and indirect impacts of selected fiscal instruments in the energy efficiency sector in Indonesia in terms of low-carbon technologies (green technologies) using multi-region input–output analysis. The findings of this study reveal that fiscal policy in the energy efficiency sector would bring benefits not only for the Indonesian government as a recipient country but also for Germany, Japan, and the US as providers of low-carbon technologies (green technologies) to Indonesia.
Citation
Abdullah, Ambiyah. 2018. Impacts of Fiscal Policy on Green Technologies Transfer. © Asian Development Bank Institute. http://hdl.handle.net/11540/9368.Keywords
Alternative energy
Alternative energy development
Photovoltaic Energy
Geothermal Energy
Urban Development Finance
Trade Finance
Small Business Finance
Rural Finance
Roundtable on International Trade and Finance
Regional Development Finance
Public Service Finance
Public Finance
Project Finance
Private Finance
Nonbank Financing
Non-Bank Financial Institutions
Municipal Finance
Local Government Finance
Local Currency Financing
Limited Resource Financing
International Financial Institutions
Infrastructure Financing
Industrial Finance
Government Financial Institutions
Government Finance
Financing of Infrastructure
Financial Sector Development
Financial Regulation
Alternative energy program
Alternative energy technology
Energy Demand
Energy planning
Energy Resources
Energy Resources Development
Primary Energy Production
Primary Energy Supply
Taxation
Public Accounting
National Budget
Municipal Bonds
Local Government
Local Taxes
International Monetary Relations
International Financial Market
International Banking
Central Banks
Business Financing
Capital Resources
Budgetary Policy
Capital Needs
Corporate Divestiture
Capital Instruments
Pension Funds
Insurance Companies
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Portfolio Management
Fiscal Administration
Economics of Education
Development Banks
Green technology
Energy conversion
Electric power consumption
Cost effectiveness
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Sun
Solar heating
Solar energy
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Power resource
Natural resource
Energy harvesting
Energy development
Energy facility
Power supply
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Solar constant
Earth
Weather
Renewable energy resource
Energy security
Energy tax credit
Energy assistance
Solar energy policy
Conservation of natural resources
Use tax
Taxing power
State of taxation
Tax-sales
Tax revenue estimating
Tax planning
Spendings tax
Special assessments
Tax administration and procedure
Sales tax
Real property and taxation
Progressive taxation
Effect of taxation on land use
Effect of taxation on labor supply
Intergovernmental tax relations
Inheritance and transfer tax
Energy tax
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