This case study presents stories of decentralized sewage treatment plants (STPs) and fecal sludge management (FSM) in India. The stories provide lessons which government and private players can apply to address India’s massive water and sanitation problem.

Water security is a prerequisite for the development of a nation. A sustainable and safe water source is essential for human well-being, economic development, ecosystem preservation, and the prevention of water-related hazards. However, about half of the world’s population now experiences water scarcity for at least 1 month per year, and the number of affected people is expected to increase to about ...

Johkasou is a decentralized wastewater treatment system that treats human waste from flush toilets and domestic wastewater from kitchens, baths, and others. In Japan’s urban areas, public sewerage systems are used for collective wastewater treatment; but in urbanization control areas, loose regulation areas, and other areas with low population density, Johkasou can be a more economical decentralized ...

In many countries, particularly developing ones, onsite wastewater systems remain an important measure for sanitation management. However, the poor situation of onsite systems is a common phenomenon in both developed and developing countries. The fundamental issue of onsite systems is that they are not considered to be a public matter, and, since many people do not care about them, they are not even ...

The year was 2010. The Dhaka Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (DWASA) had been working on a partnership with the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and several other international development agencies to develop a transformative reform—the Dhaka Water Supply Sector Development Program (DWSSDP)—which aimed to turn around the urban water services sector of Bangladesh. This was one of the biggest reform ...

Johkasou is a decentralized wastewater treatment system that treats human waste from flush toilets and domestic wastewater from kitchens, baths, and others. In Japan’s urban areas, public sewerage systems are used for collective wastewater treatment; but in urbanization control areas, loose regulation areas, and other areas with low population density, Johkasou can be a more economical decentralized ...