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    Internal Migration and Urbanization: A Case Study from Semi-arid Regions of Pakistan

    Siyal, Ghamz E Ali; Khalid, Imran; Qaisrani, Ayesha | March 2018
    Abstract
    The study analyses the determinants of urbanization in semi-arid regions and the role of institutions in dealing with the issue. Focusing mainly on three semi-arid districts of Pakistan, i.e. Mardan, Faisalabad, and Dera Ghazi Khan (D.G Khan), the study draws on qualitative information gathered through the in-depth interviews of rural to urban migrants and key stakeholders. The push factors described by majority of urban respondents in all three districts are mainly economic, i.e. lack of employment and business opportunities in rural areas. Few respondents considered death of family members/relatives, conflict with other tribes and lack of health facilities as significant push factors behind their decision of migration. Although socio-economic factors were the primary cause of migration, climate change was not considered a direct reason. Nevertheless, a few respondents agreed that climate change had indirect effect on their decision to migrate. The pull factors are almost common in all three districts. These include better employment opportunities, proximity to their village and access to basic facilities such as educational institutions, hospitals, road and transport networks, sanitation amenities, etc. in the cities. The urban migrants faced a number of issues as a result of their migration particularly in terms of lack of proper accommodation, inaccessibility to clean drinking water, guarantor issues, finding employment or setting up business, and lack of information about public services. This has further exacerbated the situation vis-à-vis congestion of the cities as well as an increase in slum settlements. According to development authorities, major reasons for unplanned urbanization and slums creation were lack of internal migration monitoring policy and coordination gaps between service providers and authorities concerned. Furthermore, stakeholders emphasized the need for immediate attention for overall agriculture sector development, including climate resilient and agriculture smart policies to lower the push factors of migration in rural areas.
    Citation
    Siyal, Ghamz E Ali; Khalid, Imran; Qaisrani, Ayesha. 2018. Internal Migration and Urbanization: A Case Study from Semi-arid Regions of Pakistan. © Sustainable Development Policy Institute. http://hdl.handle.net/11540/8146.
    Keywords
    Alleviating Poverty
    Anti-Poverty
    Extreme Poverty
    Fight Against Poverty
    Global Poverty
    Health Aspects Of Poverty
    Indicators Of Poverty
    Participatory Poverty Assessment
    Poverty Eradication
    Poverty Analysis
    Poverty In Developing Countries
    Poverty Reduction Efforts
    Urban Poverty
    Urbanization
    Urban Services
    Urban Projects
    Urban Problems
    Urban Poverty
    Urban Policy
    Urban Planning
    Urban Infrastructure
    Urban Health
    Urban Government
    Urban Economic Development
    Urban Development Finance
    Urban Development
    Urban Conditions
    Urban Communities
    Urban Population
    Development Indicators
    Environmental Indicators
    Economic Indicators
    Educational Indicators
    Demographic Indicators
    Health Indicators
    Disadvantaged Groups
    Low Income Groups
    Socially Disadvantaged Children
    Rural Conditions
    Rural Development
    Social Conditions
    Urban Development
    Urban Sociology
    Urban Plans
    Urbanism
    Urban agriculture
    Economic Development
    Rural Urban Migration
    Cities
    Migration
    Poor
    Economic forecasting
    Health expectancy
    Social groups
    Political participation
    Distribution of income
    Inequality of income
    Developing countries
    Rural community development
    Mass society
    Social change
    Social policy
    Social stability
    Population
    Sustainable development
    Peasantry
    Urban policy
    Urban renewal
    Local government
    Urban renewal
    Urban housing
    Urban sociology
    Transit systems
    Rapid transit
    Public transit
    Mass transit
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    Citable URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11540/8146
    Metadata
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    Internal-Migration-and-Urbanization-A-Case-Study-from-Semi-arid Regions-of-Pakistan(W-163).pdf (582.7Kb)
    Author
    Siyal, Ghamz E Ali
    Khalid, Imran
    Qaisrani, Ayesha
    Theme
    Poverty
    Urban
    Labor Migration
     
    Copyright 2016-2021 Asian Development Bank Institute, except as explicitly marked otherwise
    Copyright 2016-2021 Asian Development Bank Institute, except as explicitly marked otherwise