Recognizing the need to support the Union government’s reform process, this discussion paper provides baseline information on how budget monitoring and oversight are currently practiced in Myanmar, painting a systematic portrait that policymakers can use to create systems and procedures that are consistent with established best practices. Details of the budget and planning processes, particularly ...

Migration to urban areas has been a critical dimension of urbanization in Myanmar and has been driven primarily by economic and environmental forces. Climate change has increased instances of flooding and natural disasters have created populations of environmental refugees who have moved to urban areas. The allure of economic opportunities has attracted people from rural areas, with considerable ...

Responding to the needs of citizens through the provision of public goods and services, maintaining the rule of law, and the protection of the most vulnerable are all important functions of modern governments. Yet, for the state to fulfil these duties, it requires both the knowledge of its citizen’s needs, a willingness to respond to them, and access to sufficient budgetary resources to translate ...

This Discussion Paper will examine the 2018 City Life Survey (CLS) data through a gender lens focusing on three key topics: the triple burden, agency and influence, and employment. The paper will analyze how the 2018 CLS data challenges or complements other research on gender issues in Myanmar, highlighting the ways in which the triple burden limits gender equality and participation in public life ...

This collection of papers is a first cut at understanding the potentially new strategic synergy between Washington and Delhi and assessing how it may play out in specific areas in the years ahead. The Asia Foundation and ISAS will continue to support this discourse as it develops in the coming years.