The Financing of Local Government in the People's Republic of China: Stimulus loan Wanes and Shadow Banking Waxes
Chen, Zhuo; He, Zhiguo; Liu, Chun | January 2018
Abstract
China’s four-trillion-yuan stimulus package fueled by bank loans in 2009 has led to the rapid growth of shadow banking activities in China after 2012. The local governments in China financed the stimulus plan mainly through bank loans in 2009, and resorted to non-bank debt financing after 2012 given the mounting rollover pressure from bank debt coming due, a manifestation of the stimulusloan-hangover effect. Cross-sectionally, provinces with abnormally greater bank loan growth in 2009 experienced more Municipal Corporate Bonds issuance during 2012-2015, as well as more shadow banking activities including Entrusted loans and Wealth Management Products. We highlight the market forces behind the regulation changes on local government debt post 2012, together with the expedited reform on interest rate liberalization during that period.
Citation
Chen, Zhuo; He, Zhiguo; Liu, Chun. 2018. The Financing of Local Government in the People's Republic of China: Stimulus loan Wanes and Shadow Banking Waxes. © Asian Development Bank Institute. http://hdl.handle.net/11540/7899.Keywords
Taxation
Public Accounting
National Budget
Municipal Bonds
Local Government
Local Taxes
International Monetary Relations
International Financial Market
International Banking
Central Banks
Business Financing
Capital Resources
Budgetary Policy
Capital Needs
Corporate Divestiture
Capital Instruments
Pension Funds
Insurance Companies
Banks
Portfolio Management
Fiscal Administration
Economics of Education
Development Banks
Scaling-Up And Evaluation
Results-Based Monitoring And Evaluation
Public Policy Evaluation
Impact Evaluation
Performance Evaluation
Urban Development Finance
Trade Finance
Small Business Finance
Rural Finance
Roundtable on International Trade and Finance
Regional Development Finance
Public Service Finance
Public Finance
Project Finance
Private Finance
Nonbank Financing
Non-Bank Financial Institutions
Municipal Finance
Local Government Finance
Local Currency Financing
Limited Resource Financing
International Financial Institutions
Infrastructure Financing
Industrial Finance
Government Financial Institutions
Government Finance
Financing of Infrastructure
Financial Sector Development
Financial Regulation
Economic evaluation
Economic Forecast
Resources evaluation
Input output analysis
Cost benefit analysis
Foreign and Domestic Financing
Use tax
Taxing power
State of taxation
Tax-sales
Tax revenue estimating
Tax planning
Spendings tax
Special assessments
Tax administration and procedure
Sales tax
Real property and taxation
Progressive taxation
Effect of taxation on land use
Effect of taxation on labor supply
Intergovernmental tax relations
Inheritance and transfer tax
Energy tax
Risk assessment
Economic policy
Economic forecasting
Cost effectiveness
Participatory monitoring and evaluation
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