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    Asia's Middle-Income Challenge: An Overview

    Estrada, Gemma; Han, Xuehui; Park, Donghyun; Tian, Shu | November 2017
    Abstract
    Developing Asia has undergone a dramatic shift over the past 5 decades from a region of mainly low income economies toward one that is largely middle income. Compared with world aggregate data, developing Asia now has a much greater proportion of middle-income economies. The region faces the challenge of sustaining rapid growth after graduating from low to middle income, and moving further to high income. Evidence shows that it takes longer for economies to move from upper-middle to high income than shifting from lower-middle to upper-middle income. Still, developing Asian economies were able to shift more quickly than the rest of the world, whether the transition is from lower-middle to upper-middle income or from upper-middle to high income. The experience of newly industrializing economies shows that innovation, human capital, and infrastructure all played a vital role in their quicker transformation from middle to high income.
    Citation
    Estrada, Gemma; Han, Xuehui; Park, Donghyun; Tian, Shu. 2017. Asia's Middle-Income Challenge: An Overview. © Asian Development Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/11540/7721. License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.
    ISSN
    2313-6537 (Print)
    2313-6545 (electronic)
    Keywords
    Development strategy
    Development models
    Economic development
    New technology
    Rural planning
    Aid coordination
    Industrial projects
    Infrastructure projects
    Natural resources policy
    Educational development
    Absorptive capacity
    Development Planning
    Development Research
    Technology Development
    Aid And Development
    Asian Development Bank
    Comprehensive Development Framework
    Development Cooperation
    Development Management
    Development Planning
    Development Strategies
    Rural planning
    Regional development bank
    Project finance
    Strategic planning
    Infrastructure projects
    Government programs
    Public finance
    Public enterprises
    Development
    Economics
    Development In East Asia
    Development Planning
    Development Research
    Technology Development
    Aid And Development
    Asian Development Bank
    Comprehensive Development Framework
    Development Cooperation
    Development Management
    Development Planning
    Development Strategies
    Development strategy
    Development models
    Economic development
    New technology
    Rural planning
    Aid coordination
    Industrial projects
    Infrastructure projects
    Natural resources policy
    Educational development
    Absorptive capacity
    Economic development projects
    Economic forecasting
    Economic development projects
    Municipal government
    Technology transfer
    Exchanges of patents and technical information
    Technical education
    Technology
    Communication in rural development
    Communication in community development
    Economic development projects
    Development banks
    Economic forecasting
    Environmental auditing
    Cumulative effects assessment
    Human rights and globalization
    Transfer Technocracy
    Absorptive capacity
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    Citable URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11540/7721
    Metadata
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    ewp-525.pdf (1.480Mb)
    Author
    Estrada, Gemma
    Han, Xuehui
    Park, Donghyun
    Tian, Shu
    Theme
    Development
    Economics
     
    Copyright 2016-2021 Asian Development Bank Institute, except as explicitly marked otherwise
    Copyright 2016-2021 Asian Development Bank Institute, except as explicitly marked otherwise