Asia's Middle-Income Challenge: An Overview
Estrada, Gemma; Han, Xuehui; Park, Donghyun; Tian, Shu | November 2017
Abstract
Developing Asia has undergone a dramatic shift over the past 5 decades from a region of mainly low income economies toward one that is largely middle income. Compared with world aggregate data, developing Asia now has a much greater proportion of middle-income economies. The region faces the challenge of sustaining rapid growth after graduating from low to middle income, and moving further to high income. Evidence shows that it takes longer for economies to move from upper-middle to high income than shifting from lower-middle to upper-middle income. Still, developing Asian economies were able to shift more quickly than the rest of the world, whether the transition is from lower-middle to upper-middle income or from upper-middle to high income. The experience of newly industrializing economies shows that innovation, human capital, and infrastructure all played a vital role in their quicker transformation from middle to high income.
Citation
Estrada, Gemma; Han, Xuehui; Park, Donghyun; Tian, Shu. 2017. Asia's Middle-Income Challenge: An Overview. © Asian Development Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/11540/7721. License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.ISSN
2313-6537 (Print)
2313-6545 (electronic)
Keywords
Development strategy
Development models
Economic development
New technology
Rural planning
Aid coordination
Industrial projects
Infrastructure projects
Natural resources policy
Educational development
Absorptive capacity
Development Planning
Development Research
Technology Development
Aid And Development
Asian Development Bank
Comprehensive Development Framework
Development Cooperation
Development Management
Development Planning
Development Strategies
Rural planning
Regional development bank
Project finance
Strategic planning
Infrastructure projects
Government programs
Public finance
Public enterprises
Development
Economics
Development In East Asia
Development Planning
Development Research
Technology Development
Aid And Development
Asian Development Bank
Comprehensive Development Framework
Development Cooperation
Development Management
Development Planning
Development Strategies
Development strategy
Development models
Economic development
New technology
Rural planning
Aid coordination
Industrial projects
Infrastructure projects
Natural resources policy
Educational development
Absorptive capacity
Economic development projects
Economic forecasting
Economic development projects
Municipal government
Technology transfer
Exchanges of patents and technical information
Technical education
Technology
Communication in rural development
Communication in community development
Economic development projects
Development banks
Economic forecasting
Environmental auditing
Cumulative effects assessment
Human rights and globalization
Transfer Technocracy
Absorptive capacity
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