The Republic of the Union of Myanmar has achieved remarkably high economic growth, with average gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate of 7.28% over 2010 to 2017, the second-highest growth rate among ASEAN member states during the same period. Myanmar’s real GDP per capita was US$1,300 in 2017. This strong economic growth during the last 6 years was also accompanied by an increase in energy ...

ERIA and the MME will prepare a Basic Energy Plan for Cambodia (BEPC) that is appropriate, comprehensive, feasible, and effective. In addition, the basic plan should have numerical targets for each energy issue covered by the plan, and the targets should be achievable.

The structure of this report is like the earlier editions because of the application of similar methodology. However, one important accomplishment of this study is the development of energy efficiency targets for the countries that did not have targets when this project started in 2007. It could be said that those countries started adopting energy efficiency as an important energy policy as a result ...

Though tariffs have been reduced, the number of non-tariff measures (NTMs) continues to increase, and is often blamed in part for the lack of integration in ASEAN. Unlike tariffs which could be elimi­nated entirely, a world without NTMs would be hard to imagine as they can play an important role in ensuring the quality of goods. As countries become wealthier, demand for better quality and greater ...

Whilst tariffs have declined following discipline instituted by the World Trade Organization (WTO), the use of non-tariff measures (NTMs) is on the rise worldwide (UNCTAD, 2013). This trend is also reflected in the updated NTM database of the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA) and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), where the number of NTMs in ...