Managing International Labor Migration in ASEAN: A Case of Thailand

Abstract

The study on “Managing International Labor Migration in ASEAN: A Case of Thailand,” aimed to study policies and institution arrangement for managing international migration as part of regional cooperation initiatives and bilateral agreements. The study emphasized on the finding out why the current management of sending workers and protecting workers has not been effective. The data used for the analysis came from two main majority sources: 1) the quantitative data, including primary data on possible solutions, strategies, the secondary sources from Socio?Economic Survey (SES) and information where necessary to explain the socio?economic impact of migrant worker families; and 2) the qualitative study where collected from interview of key informants, focus group discussion with families of migrant workers, governments, brokers, and etc. As data allow, cost benefit analysis for out migration as well as in migration from government intervention programs was applied. The theory of push and pull factors were used for describing reasons forced migrant workers to work overseas. As of the study, there was the evidence that pointed out that poverty and indebtedness were push factor for both emigration and immigration while higher income in the destination countries was the pull factor. The study further found that both of emigration and immigration were beneficial in various aspects including increase the gross domestic product (GDP) in both country of origin and destination country. Remittance was an important source of the country development budget, increase the level of national saving, and improve income distribution. However, it was due to the fact that most of migrant workers were from low educational background, thus most of them become victims of exploitation and human trafficking from the agencies and employers in particular undocumented workers. Even though, Thai government has many of laws and regulations regarding prevention and protection migrant workers, such as labor law and labor protection act; and the memorandums of understanding (MOUs) in regional and bilateral level, these have not been effective due to the weakness in law enforcement of the authorities.