According to the Global Climate Risk Index 2018 (Eckstein, Künzel and Schäfer, 2017), the country is also among the world’s most vulnerable to longterm climate change impacts. The rural areas’ high dependence on climate-sensitive livelihoods (such as agriculture, livestock, and forestry) means that they will be adversely affected by changes in the climate for which they will have to prepare. Many ...

Before 1986 farmers of North western Indian Punjab and eastern Pakistan use to harvest and plough fields manually. After crop harvesting, usual practice was to leave crop residues for 4-6 weeks to enhance nutrients for the next crop. With the rise of population, farmers have to leave manual practices and adopted mechanized harvesting from 1986 to meet food demands. Although this practice benefited ...

Social Protection Programmes (SPPs) are generally launched to alleviate poverty and vulnerabilities of insecure and shock prone communities. Their effectiveness hinges upon the possession of knowledge about them as well as an effective implementation strategy for the potential beneficiaries about the eligibility criteria and the processes of registration. Evidence in select districts of the Punjab ...

The Government of Pakistan has approved several export promotional schemes at the federal and provincial level. Besides, FBR has tax-related export-oriented schemes which incentivize exports. Traditionally, these schemes were limited to five zero-rated sectors, however realization has grown that a level playing field should be created where similar schemes should be available to potential and new ...