Pakistan-China relations date back to the Silk Route, but the formal ties began in 1950. Pakistan was the first Muslim country to recognize China as People's Republic and Pakistan International Airlines was the first airline in the world to operate a service to and from China. China has steadily appeared as Pakistan’s largest trading partner (Holtom et al. 2013). The Pak-China relationship has grown ...

This policy brief aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the National and Provincial Education Management Information Systems (EMIS) mainly through the lens of open data concepts – availability of data, quality of the data available, no copyright restrictions and no license fees for data is vital for monitoring and evaluation of government decisions in education and other social sectors (Maude ...

Pakistan and India are equally vulnerable to disasters as the two countries have similar geography, climate, and environmental attributes. Both the countries bear losses due to crossborder hydro-climatic disasters and seismic activities. The conflict between Pakistan and India restricts the movement of people, goods and transport across borders. However, climatic hazards and disaster risks exist ...

A prudent exchange rate policy and efficient exchange rate is essential for macroeconomic stability and economic growth. Impulsive exchange rate policies may compromise economic growth of a country through generating persistent balance of payments problems, currency crises and overall macroeconomic instability.

This paper highlights some important points regarding exchange rate and external competitiveness of Pakistan . Firstly, overvalued exchange rate of Pakistani Rupee [PKR] has affected adversely to already weaker external competitiveness of the country . Secondly, claims of failure of depreciation in boosting performance of tradable sector are based on mixing the partial adjustment of PKR towards its ...

This policy brief makes three important points regarding exchange rate misalignment in Pakistan . Firstly, that the Pakistani Rupee (PKR) has historically remained deviated from its equilibrium value. Secondly, that political and institutional set up has a strong association with nature and magnitude of exchange rate misalignment and that overvalued PKR is preferred by the policy offices in general. ...

Legacy pollutants are chemicals, often used or produced by industry, which remain in the environment long after they were first introduced. The continuous or intermittent discharge (releases & emissions) of unintended/undesired products/wastes from industries, containing such toxic chemicals into the environment results in legacy pollution. Without environmentally sound waste management and remediation, ...

The main focus of our national science, technology & innovation (ST&I) policy has been on the development of ST&I planning and management, human source development, indigenous technology, technology transfer, creation of absorptive capacity and international cooperation as well as identifying and developing priority “Thrust Areas.” (Ministry of Science and Technology [MoST] 2012). Developing knowledge ...

This policy paper proposes four strategic directions for Pakistan’s agenda for SMEs, which include i) designing and continuing targeted support policies and packages for SMEs throughout four phases of recovery from the COVID-19 ii) putting SMEs at the heart of economic and development policy, iii) establishing database and mapping of the SMEs, particularly the informal SMEs and iv) promoting ...