Pakistan-China relations date back to the Silk Route, but the formal ties began in 1950. Pakistan was the first Muslim country to recognize China as People's Republic and Pakistan International Airlines was the first airline in the world to operate a service to and from China. China has steadily appeared as Pakistan’s largest trading partner (Holtom et al. 2013). The Pak-China relationship has grown ...

Pakistan and India are equally vulnerable to disasters as the two countries have similar geography, climate, and environmental attributes. Both the countries bear losses due to crossborder hydro-climatic disasters and seismic activities. The conflict between Pakistan and India restricts the movement of people, goods and transport across borders. However, climatic hazards and disaster risks exist ...

A prudent exchange rate policy and efficient exchange rate is essential for macroeconomic stability and economic growth. Impulsive exchange rate policies may compromise economic growth of a country through generating persistent balance of payments problems, currency crises and overall macroeconomic instability.

This paper highlights some important points regarding exchange rate and external competitiveness of Pakistan . Firstly, overvalued exchange rate of Pakistani Rupee [PKR] has affected adversely to already weaker external competitiveness of the country . Secondly, claims of failure of depreciation in boosting performance of tradable sector are based on mixing the partial adjustment of PKR towards its ...

This policy brief makes three important points regarding exchange rate misalignment in Pakistan . Firstly, that the Pakistani Rupee (PKR) has historically remained deviated from its equilibrium value. Secondly, that political and institutional set up has a strong association with nature and magnitude of exchange rate misalignment and that overvalued PKR is preferred by the policy offices in general. ...

Owing to the absence of research collaboration between government and academia, electricity demand forecasting in Pakistan has long inculcated forecasting errors due to data inconsistencies and modeling approaches. Such forecast discrepancies even within defined error margins can amount to a multifold of a whole sector-level energy demand. Since point forecasts, as being currently practiced, provide ...

Pakistan's energy sector has gone through an electricity crisis recently and blackouts have occurred several times in history. At the current stage, Pakistan is facing energy surplus primarily because of over-investments into the energy sector to overcome the shortages. Moreover, Losses, distribution companies’ poor recovery factors, inefficient generators, and expensive power purchase agreements ...