The study was carried out to establish the education-related costs borne by parents of children in basic education. Data gathered from the schools/madrasahs in the sample included information about their total budgets and total contributions received from parents during the 2010/2011 school year, as well as information about how these funds were used. The sample size of the survey included 4,032 ...

The paper outlines the rationale for introducing mother tongue based multilingual education (MTB-MLE) in multilingual societies. It also highlights some of the common obstacles to MTB-MLE implementation, and how they can be overcome. The paper cites the situation in Papua and outlines steps for fostering greater use of mother tongues as the language of instruction in schools.

Research analyzing the link between dropout and the literacy skills of 4,000 students in the United States found that students who are unable to read proficiently by the end of the third grade are four times more likely to leave school without a diploma than proficient readers. Research also suggests that poor readers are more likely to experience behavioural and social problems in subsequent grades ...

Promoting university - industry - government (UIG) partnerships for research and innovation has long been a key feature of economic development strategy in Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries - and now increasingly in developing countries. In Indonesia, effective UIG partnerships have been very few, constrained by a weak enabling environment and limited capacities. ...

Good practice and innovation in mainstreaming gender equality in education exist in Indonesia and other countries. However, in Indonesia, opportunities are missed because such practice remains largely localized and relatively small scale, often through limited pilot projects which seldom move to scale. A key challenge is therefore to evaluate and disseminate good practice, and to prioritise ...

This white paper was developed to inform and support the energy sector development plans that will be included in the infrastructure section of the RPJMN 2015-2019. This report is based on a review of existing literature and studies, and as well as in-depth interviews of key stakeholders. It is a critical evaluation of the current state of the sector with the aim to identify key challenges and ...

This study indicates that Indonesia has achieved significant progress over the past 10 years in reducing the absences of teachers from schools from 19 percent in a national sample of schools surveyed in 2003 to 9.8 percent in the same schools in 2014. The study reveals that there is a continuing challenge to make sure that teachers are present and effective. The non-class teaching role of teachers ...