Population Pressure, Land Tenure, and Natural Resource Managemen
Otsuka, Keijiro | March 2001
Abstract
Growing population has increased demand for land, trees, and water, which, coupled withtenure insecurity or the absence of clear property rights, has resulted in the over-exploitation ofnatural resources.The critical question is whether the current trend will continue and result in furtherdegradation of natural resources and, ultimately, the significant deterioration of human welfare.Based on the recently completed project concerning land tenure and the management ofland and trees in Asia and Africa (Otsuka and Place 2001), this paper attempts to identify the processby which population pressure leads to the individualization of land rights and its consequences on themanagement of land and trees.It is worth emphasizing that the individualization of land rights is a prerequisite fordesirable changes in farming systems.If unexploited forest land is open access and strong individualrights are granted on cleared land, excessive forest clearance takes place. This institutional rule isconsistent with the common rule of communal societies in which efforts to invest in land, includingforest clearance and tree planting, are rewarded by strong individual land rights. Interestingly,although women tend to inherit paddy land in areas where primarily females work for paddyproduction, men now tend to inherit rubber agroforests, in which primarily males work for rubber. Ifmen and women work equally, such as on cinnamon fields, egalitarian inheritance by daughters andsons has become common. Thus, the inheritance system seems to have evolved in such a manner as toprovide appropriate work incentives for men and women.
Citation
Otsuka, Keijiro. 2001. Population Pressure, Land Tenure, and Natural Resource Managemen. © Asian Development Bank Institute. http://hdl.handle.net/11540/4121. License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.Keywords
Gender Discrimination
Gender Equality
Gender Inequality
Alleviating Poverty
Anti-Poverty
Extreme Poverty
Fight Against Poverty
Global Poverty
Health Aspects Of Poverty
Indicators Of Poverty
Participatory Poverty Assessment
Poverty Eradication
Poverty Analysis
Poverty In Developing Countries
Poverty Reduction Efforts
Urban Poverty
Comparative Analysis
Social Research
Sex Discrimination
Employment Discrimination
Women's Rights
Equal Opportunity
Equal Pay
Feminism
Men's Role
Women's Role
Development Indicators
Environmental Indicators
Economic Indicators
Educational Indicators
Demographic Indicators
Health Indicators
Disadvantaged Groups
Low Income Groups
Socially Disadvantaged Children
Rural Conditions
Rural Development
Social Conditions
Gender-based analysis
Pay equity
Sexism
Equal rights amendment|Equal rights
Poor
Economic forecasting
Health expectancy
Social groups
Political participation
Distribution of income
Inequality of income
Developing countries
Rural community development
Mass society
Social change
Social policy
Social stability
Population
Sustainable development
Peasantry
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