Special Evaluation Study: Asian Development Bank: Social Protection Strategy (Complete Report)
Asian Development Bank | October 2012
Abstract
The Asia and Pacific region has accounted for more than half the world’s gross domestic product growth over the last 10 years, yet rising inequality, unequal access to opportunities, and recurrent economic crises and natural disasters threaten to undermine the achievement of inclusive growth, one of the key pillars of the Asian Development Bank’s (ADB) Strategy 2020. High economic growth in the region generates new opportunities as well as new risks. The ability of individuals and households to benefit from new opportunities can be quickly reversed through unemployment, disability, illness, natural disasters, or economic and political crises. Social protection policies are designed to help individuals and society to build resilience to these risks and to access productive opportunities, especially jobs. However, the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997, and the more recent food, fuel, economic, and financial crises revealed that most countries in the region have inadequate systems for social protection, particularly safety nets targeted at the poor. Despite growing needs, public expenditure on social protection in Asia and the Pacific is lower than in any part of the developing world except sub-Saharan Africa. In this context, the objective of this study is to assess ADB’s experience with social protection in Asia and the Pacific, more specifically how ADB responded to the Social Protection Strategy (the Strategy) approved by the Board of Directors in 2001 and what more needs to be done to take this agenda forward. As ADB experience in developing social protection systems has been limited, and impact evaluation in the region is thin, the study’s key findings and conclusions build on a larger body of worldwide evidence, which shows that well-designed social protection interventions can reduce poverty and contribute to a wider range of development outcomes related to human capital and inclusive growth.
Citation
Asian Development Bank. 2012. Special Evaluation Study: Asian Development Bank: Social Protection Strategy (Complete Report). © Asian Development Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/11540/3581. License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.Keywords
Urban Development Finance
Trade Finance
Small Business Finance
Rural Finance
Roundtable on International Trade and Finance
Regional Development Finance
Public Service Finance
Public Finance
Project Finance
Private Finance
Nonbank Financing
Non-Bank Financial Institutions
Municipal Finance
Local Government Finance
Local Currency Financing
Limited Resource Financing
International Financial Institutions
Infrastructure Financing
Industrial Finance
Government Financial Institutions
Government Finance
Financing of Infrastructure
Financial Sector Development
Financial Regulation
Alleviating Poverty
Anti-Poverty
Extreme Poverty
Fight Against Poverty
Global Poverty
Health Aspects Of Poverty
Indicators Of Poverty
Participatory Poverty Assessment
Poverty Eradication
Poverty Analysis
Poverty In Developing Countries
Poverty Reduction Efforts
Urban Poverty
Taxation
Public Accounting
National Budget
Municipal Bonds
Local Government
Local Taxes
International Monetary Relations
International Financial Market
International Banking
Central Banks
Business Financing
Capital Resources
Budgetary Policy
Capital Needs
Corporate Divestiture
Capital Instruments
Pension Funds
Insurance Companies
Banks
Portfolio Management
Development Indicators
Environmental Indicators
Economic Indicators
Educational Indicators
Demographic Indicators
Health Indicators
Disadvantaged Groups
Low Income Groups
Socially Disadvantaged Children
Rural Conditions
Rural Development
Social Conditions
Urban Development
Urban Sociology
Grants
Loans
Use tax
Taxing power
State of taxation
Tax-sales
Tax revenue estimating
Tax planning
Spendings tax
Special assessments
Tax administration and procedure
Sales tax
Real property and taxation
Progressive taxation
Effect of taxation on land use
Effect of taxation on labor supply
Intergovernmental tax relations
Inheritance and transfer tax
Energy tax
Investment of public funds
Intergovernmental fiscal relations
Social infrastructure
Public works
Government lending
Poor
Economic forecasting
Health expectancy
Social groups
Political participation
Distribution of income
Inequality of income
Developing countries
Rural community development
Mass society
Social change
Social policy
Social stability
Population
Sustainable development
Peasantry
Urban policy
Urban renewal
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