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    Cross-Regional Comparison of Trade Integration: The Case of Services

    Hamanaka, Shintaro | March 2013
    Abstract
    In this paper, we will examine the level of services trade integration in Asia in comparison with Europe and North America. The main empirical findings of this paper are that (i) the regional bias of services trade in Asia is as high or higher than in Europe and North America; (ii) in Asia, the regional bias of services trade is higher than that of goods trade, which is in sharp contrast to Europe and North America, where the regional bias of goods trade is higher than that of services trade; and (iii) while Asia’s regional bias of goods trade shows a declining trend, that of services trade remains high, although in the future its decline is expected. Asia’s relatively high-level of regional bias of services trade can be explained by the following factors: (i) a relatively high prevalence of a shared language (Chinese), which is essential to services trade, but not to goods trade; and (ii) the archipelagic nature of the region, which inhibits goods trade more than services trade. In contrast, for example, major European countries share land borders with their neighbors and they speak different languages. In order to deepen Asia’s services trade integration, two policies are necessary. First, effective regional services agreements are critical to enhancing the level of integration. Second, policies to increase the trade of crisis-resilient services, such as professional services and insurance, as opposed to crisis-vulnerable services, such as transport and travel, are necessary.
    Citation
    Hamanaka, Shintaro. 2013. Cross-Regional Comparison of Trade Integration: The Case of Services. © Asian Development Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/11540/2326. License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.
    Keywords
    Regionalism
    Regional Economy
    Regional Trading Arrangements
    Regional Trade Integration
    Regional Economic Integration
    Regional Cooperation
    Interregional Cooperation
    Trade Disputes
    Trade Barriers
    Economic integration
    Regional Development Bank
    Preferential tariffs
    International negotiation
    Protectionist measures
    Access to markets
    Economic agreements
    International trade law
    Regional integration
    Trade relations
    Regional disparities
    Interregionalism
    Regional economic disparities
    Regional economic blocs
    Industrial arbitration
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    Citable URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11540/2326
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    Author
    Hamanaka, Shintaro
    Theme
    Regional
    Trade
     
    Copyright 2016-2021 Asian Development Bank Institute, except as explicitly marked otherwise
    Copyright 2016-2021 Asian Development Bank Institute, except as explicitly marked otherwise