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    Rising Inequality in Asia and Policy Implications

    Zhuang, Juzhong; Kanbur, Ravi; Rhee, Changyong | February 2014
    Abstract
    This paper looks at the recent trends of rising inequality in developing Asia, asks why inequality matters, examines the driving forces of rising inequality, and proposes policy options for tackling high and rising inequality. Technological change, globalization, and market-oriented reform have driven Asia’s rapid growth, but have also had significant distributional consequences. These factors have favored owners of capital over labor, skilled over unskilled workers, and urban and coastal areas over rural and inland regions. Furthermore, unequal access to opportunity, caused by institutional weaknesses and social exclusion, has compounded the impacts of these forces. All these combined have led to a falling share of labor income in national income, increasing premiums on human capital, and growing spatial disparity—all contributing to rising inequality. The three drivers of rising inequality cannot and should not be blocked, because they are the same forces that drive productivity and income growth. This paper outlines a number of policy options for Asian policy makers to consider in addressing rising inequality. These options, aiming to equalize opportunities and, thereby, reduce inequality, include efficient fiscal measures that reduce inequality in human capital, policies that work toward increasing the number and quality of jobs, interventions that narrow spatial disparity, and reforms that strengthen governance, level the playing field, and eliminate social exclusion.
    Citation
    Zhuang, Juzhong; Kanbur, Ravi; Rhee, Changyong. 2014. Rising Inequality in Asia and Policy Implications. © Asian Development Bank Institute. http://hdl.handle.net/11540/1225. License: CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO.
    Keywords
    Gender
    Gender Bias
    Gender Differences
    Gender Discrimination
    Gender Equality
    Gender Gaps
    Gender Inequality
    Gender Issues
    Gender Relations
    Gender Roles
    Assessing Corporate Governance
    Corporate Governance Reform
    Governance Models
    Comparative Analysis
    Social Research
    Sex Discrimination
    Employment Discrimination
    Women's Rights
    Equal Opportunity
    Equal Pay
    Feminism
    Men's Role
    Women's Role
    Institutional Framework
    Business Management
    Corporate Restructuring
    Gender-based analysis
    Sex differences
    Job bias
    Equal employment opportunity
    Fair employment practice
    Job discrimination
    Affirmative action programs
    Sex dicrimination against women
    Pay equity
    Sexism
    Equal rights amendment
    Emancipation of women
    Equal rights
    Women's movements
    Personnel management
    Corporate reorganizations
    Intergovernmental cooperation
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    Citable URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11540/1225
    Metadata
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    Author
    Zhuang, Juzhong
    Kanbur, Ravi
    Rhee, Changyong
    Theme
    Gender
    Governance
    Labor Migration
     
    Copyright 2016-2021 Asian Development Bank Institute, except as explicitly marked otherwise
    Copyright 2016-2021 Asian Development Bank Institute, except as explicitly marked otherwise