International Migration in Asia and the Pacific Determinants and Role of Economic Integration
Kikkawa, Aiko; Gaspar, Raymond; Park, Cyn-Young | October 2019
Abstract
International migration is an essential element of economic integration. Yet, the intraregional movement of people and labor in Asia and the Pacific has stagnated in recent years even as the flow of goods, services, and investment have steadily risen. This paper examines key factors driving the movement of people from and within the region using bilateral international migrant stock data. Our analysis shows that commonly known determinants such as income differences; population size; and political, geographical, and cultural proximities between the migrant source and destination countries are associated with greater movement, along with the growing share of older population in destination economies and the similarities in the level of educational attainment. The paper also finds that crossborder migration is affected, in varied directions, by the degree of economic integration between the source and destination economies, especially through bilateral trade and value chain links. The offshoring of production—and hence jobs and other economic opportunities—to migrant source countries suppresses outmigration, but the expected rise in the source country income will eventually promote migration by relaxing financial constraints.
Citation
Kikkawa, Aiko; Gaspar, Raymond; Park, Cyn-Young. 2019. International Migration in Asia and the Pacific Determinants and Role of Economic Integration. © Asian Development Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/11540/11254. License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.ISSN
2313-6537 (print)
2313-6545 (electronic)
Keywords
Development Economics
Regional Economic Development
Economic Impact
Asian Development Bank
Development
Macroeconomic
Macroeconomic Analysis
Macroeconomic Framework
Macroeconomic Models
Macroeconomic Performance
Macroeconomic Planning
Macroeconomic Policies
Macroeconomic Reform
Macroeconomic Stabilization
Cash transfer
Economies in transition
Economic agreements
Development indicators
ADB
Economic development
Gross domestic product
Employment
Economic forecast
Economic indicators
Growth models
Gross domestic product
Macroeconomics
Economic forecast
Social condition
Economic dependence
Economic assistance
Technology assessment
Immigration
Trade in services
Services sector
GATS (General Agreement for Trade in Services)
Market access
Guest workers
Work permission
Visas
Migration
Rural Urban Migration
Comparative economics
Regional economics
Economic development projects
Open price system
Price fixing
Price regulation
Consumer price indexes
Financial crisis
Labor economics
Regional economics
Turnover
Economic survey
Income Distribution
skilled workers
Show allCollapse