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    International Migration in Asia and the Pacific Determinants and Role of Economic Integration

    Kikkawa, Aiko; Gaspar, Raymond; Park, Cyn-Young | October 2019
    Abstract
    International migration is an essential element of economic integration. Yet, the intraregional movement of people and labor in Asia and the Pacific has stagnated in recent years even as the flow of goods, services, and investment have steadily risen. This paper examines key factors driving the movement of people from and within the region using bilateral international migrant stock data. Our analysis shows that commonly known determinants such as income differences; population size; and political, geographical, and cultural proximities between the migrant source and destination countries are associated with greater movement, along with the growing share of older population in destination economies and the similarities in the level of educational attainment. The paper also finds that crossborder migration is affected, in varied directions, by the degree of economic integration between the source and destination economies, especially through bilateral trade and value chain links. The offshoring of production—and hence jobs and other economic opportunities—to migrant source countries suppresses outmigration, but the expected rise in the source country income will eventually promote migration by relaxing financial constraints.
    Citation
    Kikkawa, Aiko; Gaspar, Raymond; Park, Cyn-Young. 2019. International Migration in Asia and the Pacific Determinants and Role of Economic Integration. © Asian Development Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/11540/11254. License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.
    ISSN
    2313-6537 (print)
    2313-6545 (electronic)
    Keywords
    Development Economics
    Regional Economic Development
    Economic Impact
    Asian Development Bank
    Development
    Macroeconomic
    Macroeconomic Analysis
    Macroeconomic Framework
    Macroeconomic Models
    Macroeconomic Performance
    Macroeconomic Planning
    Macroeconomic Policies
    Macroeconomic Reform
    Macroeconomic Stabilization
    Cash transfer
    Economies in transition
    Economic agreements
    Development indicators
    ADB
    Economic development
    Gross domestic product
    Employment
    Economic forecast
    Economic indicators
    Growth models
    Gross domestic product
    Macroeconomics
    Economic forecast
    Social condition
    Economic dependence
    Economic assistance
    Technology assessment
    Immigration
    Trade in services
    Services sector
    GATS (General Agreement for Trade in Services)
    Market access
    Guest workers
    Work permission
    Visas
    Migration
    Rural Urban Migration
    Comparative economics
    Regional economics
    Economic development projects
    Open price system
    Price fixing
    Price regulation
    Consumer price indexes
    Financial crisis
    Labor economics
    Regional economics
    Turnover
    Economic survey
    Income Distribution
    skilled workers
    Show allCollapse
    Citable URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11540/11254
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Thumbnail
    ewp-592-international-migration-asia-pacific.pdf (836.1Kb)
    Author
    Kikkawa, Aiko
    Gaspar, Raymond
    Park, Cyn-Young
    Theme
    Economics
    Labor Migration
     
    Copyright 2016-2021 Asian Development Bank Institute, except as explicitly marked otherwise
    Copyright 2016-2021 Asian Development Bank Institute, except as explicitly marked otherwise